Adapted from Tafsir Ibn Ashur

Themes and purpose:

This Makkan surah primarily seeks to prove the truth of the Quran and the prophethood of Muḥammad (ﷺ) by documenting the hidden miracle of the Jinn’s conversion. It establishes monotheism, refutes the worship of the Jinn and the practice of soothsaying, and warns the polytheists of their impending punishment and eventual regret.

Context of Revelation:

Era: Makkan by consensus.

Context: The surah was revealed following the incident where a group of Jinn listened to the Prophet (ﷺ) reciting the Qur’ān while traveling near the ʿUkāẓ marketplace. It was revealed in the 10th year of the Prophethood, placing it shortly before the Prophet’s journey to Ṭā’if and three years before the Hijrah.

Chronology: It is counted as the 40th surah in the order of revelation, revealed after Sūrat al-Aʿrāf and before Yā-Sīn.

Name and Ayah Count:

Name: The surah is known by two primary names: "Sūrat al-Jinn" (The Jinn) due to its theme, and "Sūrat Qul Ūḥiya" (Say: It has been revealed) for its opening phrase.

Ayah Count: 28 ayahs by consensus.

Surah Overview:

• Proving the honor of the Prophet (ﷺ) by establishing that his call reached the Jinn, who immediately understood its message of monotheism and guidance. [1-7]
• Establishing the Jinn are a distinct creation, composed of different ranks (righteous and unrighteous). [11-15]
• Refuting Soothsaying and the claim that humans can know the unseen, affirming that knowledge of the unseen belongs solely to Allah. [26-28]
• Monotheism Establishing Allah's greatness and His freedom from having partners, spouses, or children. [3]
• Refuting Idol Worship: Invalidating the worship of Jinn and all false gods. [16-20]
• The Cosmic Order: Detailing the disruption of the Jinn's attempts to eavesdrop on the heavens due to the meteoric projectiles. [8-10]
• Warning the polytheists of the consequences of their disbelief and that they will regret for opposing the Prophet (ﷺ) eventually. [23, 25]
• Affirming the final judgment and the Prophet’s (ﷺ) role as a clear messenger. [27-28]