Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It forms a question, "What made them endure?" [ʿAṭāʾ, al-Suddī, Ibn Zayd, Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh]
2. It is for expressing amazement, like saying "How beautiful is Zayd" or "How knowledgeable is ʿAmr." Ibn al-Anbārī mentioned that the meaning of the verse is an expression of amazement, but it is Allah calls on people to be amazed, as He is not subject to such things.

Which meaning of *"mā"* is intended here?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. "They are so steadfast and consistent they are in doing deeds that lead them to the Fire!" [ʿIkrimah, al-Rabīʿ]
2. "How daring they are when it comes to the Fire!" [al-Ḥasan, Mujāhid] al-Kisāʾī mentioned that an Arab once said to a man who swore falsely: “How daring you are against Allah,” meaning “How bold you are.”
3. "They will remain so long in the Fire," as in the expression “How patient so-and-so is in prison,” meaning he remains there such a long time. [al-Zajjāj]
4. "What made them so daring concerning the Fire?" [Ibn al-Anbārī]

What is the meaning of *"mā aṣbaruhum"*?