Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Seventy thousand. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. Eighty thousand. [ʿIkrimah, al-Suddī]
3. One hundred thousand. [Muqātil]

What was the size of the army that set out with Saul?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is the river of Palestine. [Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Suddī]
2. It is a river between the Jordan and Palestine. [ʿIkrimah, Qatādah, al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas]

Which river is the one mentioned in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. They were four thousand. [ʿIkrimah, al-Suddī]
2. They were three hundred and thirteen men, and this is the correct view, as it is narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ) that he said to his companions on the day of Badr, "You are equal in number to the companions of Saul on the day they faced Goliath." They were 313 men on the day of Badr.

How many did not drink more than a handful as Saul instructed?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It was those who drank more than a scoop; they turned back and did not witness the battle, and they were people of doubt and hypocrisy. [Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Suddī]
2. It was those among the believers whose insight was limited. [al-Ḥasan, Qatādah, Ibn Zayd]
3. It was said by those who crossed the river with Saul, but they were speaking to one another when they saw their small numbers. This is the opinion favoured by al-Zajjāj.

Who are the ones who said, "We have no power this day against Goliath and his hosts"?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It means certainty. [Al-Suddī and others]
2. It means uncertain assumption. The intended meaning is that the party, due to their small numbers, assumed they would be killed and meet Allah. [Al-Zajjāj and others]

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There are two opinions regarding who is described as "reckoning that they would meet God";

1. They were the 313 men (who drank no more than a scoop). They said to those turning back, "How often a small group has overcome a large group!" [Al-Suddī]
2. They were the most resolute and virtuous out of those three hundred and thirteen.

What is the meaning of *ẓann* intended in the passage "Those who reckoned (*yaẓunnun*) they would meet God said"? And who is this description referring to?