Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Abū Jahl and his companions. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. The scholars of the Jews. [ʿAṭāʾ]
3. ʿAbdullāh ibn Ubayy and his fellow hypocrites. [Muqātil]

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. To Allah the Almighty.
2. Satan. [Reported from al-Ḥasan]

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ʿAlī ibn ʿUbayd Allāh explained: Allah's beautification is by way of the natural order, i.e. He has created within human nature the love of what appears attractive to the self, which is part of His creation. In contrast, Satan's beautification occurs by reminding people of things that they may have forgotten, making them inclined toward those objects due to their allure. Thus, Allah beautifies through creation, while Satan beautifies through suggestion and temptation.

To whom is the act of beautification ascribed to?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. They mocked them because of their poverty.
2. They mocked them for their belief in the Hereafter.
3. They mocked them for following the Prophet (ﷺ). It is said that they would mockingly tell the believers "You are on the right path!"

Why did the disbelievers mock the believers?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is literal, because that the believers are in *ʿIlliyyīn* (the highest ranks of Paradise), while the disbelievers are in *Sijjīn* (the lowest depths of Hell).
2. The arguments of the believers are superior to the false doubts of the disbelievers, so they are the ones who will be victorious.
3. The bliss and pleasures of the believers in Paradise are far greater than the worldly pleasures of the disbelievers.

What is meant by the believers being "above" the disbelievers on that Day?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It means Allah provides for whom He wills abundantly, without any restriction.
2. It means Allah provides for whom He wills without holding them to account in the Hereafter.

What is meant by "Allah provides whom He will without reckoning (*hisab*)"?