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What is meant by the believers being witnesses over mankind?
وكذالك جعلناكم امة وسطا لتكونوا شهداء على الناس ويكون الرسول عليكم شهيدا وما جعلنا القبلة التي كنت عليها الا لنعلم من يتبع الرسول ممن ينقلب على عقبيه وان كانت لكبيرة الا على الذين هدى الله وما كان الله ليضيع ايمانكم ان الله بالناس لرءوف رحيم ١٤٣
وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَـٰكُمْ أُمَّةًۭ وَسَطًۭا لِّتَكُونُوا۟ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًۭا ۗ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا ٱلْقِبْلَةَ ٱلَّتِى كُنتَ عَلَيْهَآ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ ٱلرَّسُولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ ۚ وَإِن كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ هَدَى ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَـٰنَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِٱلنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ ١٤٣
وَكَذَٰلِكَﱚ
جَعَلۡنَٰكُمۡﱛ
أُمَّةٗﱜ
وَسَطٗاﱝ
لِّتَكُونُواْﱞ
شُهَدَآءَﱟ
عَلَىﱠ
ٱلنَّاسِﱡ
وَيَكُونَﱢ
ٱلرَّسُولُﱣ
عَلَيۡكُمۡﱤ
شَهِيدٗاۗﱥﱦ
وَمَاﱧ
جَعَلۡنَاﱨ
ٱلۡقِبۡلَةَﱩ
ٱلَّتِيﱪ
كُنتَﱫ
عَلَيۡهَآﱬ
إِلَّاﱭ
لِنَعۡلَمَﱮ
مَنﱯ
يَتَّبِعُﱰ
ٱلرَّسُولَﱱ
مِمَّنﱲ
يَنقَلِبُﱳ
عَلَىٰﱴ
عَقِبَيۡهِۚﱵﱶ
وَإِنﱷ
كَانَتۡﱸ
لَكَبِيرَةًﱹ
إِلَّاﱺ
عَلَىﱻ
ٱلَّذِينَﱼ
هَدَىﱽ
ٱللَّهُۗﱾﱿ
وَمَاﲀ
كَانَﲁ
ٱللَّهُﲂ
لِيُضِيعَﲃ
إِيمَٰنَكُمۡۚﲄﲅ
إِنَّﲆ
ٱللَّهَﲇ
بِٱلنَّاسِﲈ
لَرَءُوفٞﲉ
رَّحِيمٞﲊ
١٤٣ﲋ
Et aussi Nous avons fait de vous une communauté de justes pour que vous soyez témoins aux gens, comme le Messager sera témoin à vous. Et Nous n’avions établi la direction (Qiblah) vers laquelle tu te tournais que pour savoir qui suit le Messager (Moḥammad) et qui s’en retourne sur ses talons. C’était un changement difficile, mais pas pour ceux qu’Allah guide. Et ce n’est pas Allah qui vous fera perdre [la récompense de] votre foi, car Allah, certes est Compatissant et Miséricordieux pour les hommes. 1
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What is meant by the believers being witnesses over mankind?
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Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:
- To bear witness that the prophets delivered the message to their nations. Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī narrated that the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) said: "On the Day of Resurrection, a prophet will come with his followers, and another prophet will come with one or two men, and another prophet will come with more than that. It will be said to them: 'Did you convey the message?' They will say: 'No.' Then it will be said to the prophet: 'Did you convey the message?' He will say: 'Yes.' It will be said: 'Who will testify for you?' He will say: 'Muḥammad and his nation.' So, they will testify that the prophets conveyed the message. Then it will be said: 'How did you know?' They will say: 'Our Prophet informed us that the messengers had delivered the message, and we believed him.' That is the meaning of His saying: "Thus We made you a just community that you will be witnesses over the people." (Al-Baqarah 2:143)". [ʿIkrimah and Qatādah]
- To be witnesses for Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) over the other nations - the Jews, Christians, and Magians regarding the truth of Prophet Muḥammad’s message. [Mujāhid]
What is it that the Messenger (ﷺ) will testify to regarding his nation?
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