Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is the covenant He took from them to act on the Torah. They were reluctant to accept what was in it, so the mountain was raised over them. This was said by Muqātil. Abū Sulaymān al-Dimashqī commented, "They made a promise to Allah to act according to the Torah. When Moses brought it and they saw the heavy obligations it contains, they refused to accept it, so the mountain was raised over them."
2. It is the covenant that Allah took from the messengers and their followers to believe in Muḥammad (ﷺ). [via al-Zajjāj]
3. It could be the covenant taken from the progeny of Adam on the day they were taken from his back (see 7:172). [via al-Zajjāj]

What is the covenant that is referenced in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. One of the mountains of Palestine. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. A mountain at the base of which they camped. [Qatādah]
3. The mountain to which Allah revealed His glory. [Mujāhid]

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Earnestness and diligence. [Ibn ʿAbbās, Qatādah, al-Suddī]
2. Obedience. [Abū al-ʿĀliyah]
3. Acting on its teachings. [Mujāhid]
4. Sincerity. [Ibn Zayd]

What is meant by "strength" (*quwwah*) in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Remember what it mentions of reward and punishment. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. Study its contents. [Al-Zajjāj]

What is the meaning of "remember what is in it"?