Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. They entered crawling on their backsides. This was reported by *Abū Hurayra* from the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). [*Bukhārī*, *Muslim*]
2. They entered backwards on their backsides. [*Ibn ʿAbbās*, *ʿIkrima*]
3. They entered with their heads raised (in pride). [*Ibn Masʿūd*]
4. They entered with their heads turned to the side.  [*Mujāhid*]
5. They entered while sprawled on their backs. [*Muqātil*]

How did the Israelites change the action they were commanded to do?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Instead of "ḥiṭṭah", they said "ḥabbah fī shaʿrah" ("a grain in a hair"). This was narrated by Abū Hurairah from the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). (Bukhārī, Muslim)
2. They said "ḥinṭah" (wheat). [Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿIkrimah, Mujāhid, Wahb, Ibn Zayd]
3. They said "ḥinṭah ḥamrāʾ fīhā shaʿrah" ("red wheat with a hair in it"). [Ibn Masʿūd]
4. They said "ḥabbatu ḥinṭah mathqūbah fīhā shuʿayrah sawdāʾ" ("a grain of wheat with a hole in it containing a small hair"). [Al-Suddī]
5. They said "sumbulātā" ("red wheat"). [Abū Ṣāliḥ]* 
(Ed: this text has been corrected in consultation with Ibn Qutaybah's Gharīb al-Qurʾān. The phrase appears to be Syriac.)

How did the Israelites change the words they were commanded to say?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It was darkness and death. Twenty-four thousand of them died in one hour, and seventy thousand perished in total as a punishment. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. They were struck by a plague. They were tormented by it for forty nights and then died. [Wahb ibn Munabbih]
3. It was snow. Seventy thousand of them perished due to it. [Saʿīd ibn Jubayr]

What punishment was sent down upon the Israelites?