Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It was revealed regarding ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy and his companions. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. It was revealed regarding the hypocrites and others from the People of the Book who used to pretend to have faith in front of the Prophet (ﷺ) while they would display the opposite when meeting with their leaders. [Al-Ḥasan]

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is derived from the verb *shaṭana*, meaning: one who distances himself from goodness.
2. It is derived from the verb *shāṭa yashīṭu*, meaning: to burn and be consumed by fire.

What is the linguistic root of the word *shayṭān*?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Their leaders in disbelief. [Ibn Masʿūd, Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Ḥasan, al-Suddī]
2. Their fellow polytheists. [Abū al-ʿĀliyah, Mujāhid] 
3. Their religious leaders. [Al-Ḍaḥḥāk and al-Kalbī]

Whom does "their devils" (*shayāṭīnihim*) refer to?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. "We are with you and share your religion." 
2. "We are with you to provide support and assistance."

What do they mean by saying "We are with you"?